Now governed by China under the rubric “one country, two systems“, Hong Kong has a strong tradition of the rule of law – a key feature that distinguishes it from China. However, concerns over whether Hong Kong can maintain this distinctiveness in light of apparently-increasing Chinese security advances are intensifying, partly due to renewed calls for the territory to fulfil its constitutional duty of enacting national security legislation, and uncertainties over the human rights guarantees therein when China‘s 50-year commitment to Hong Kong‘s autonomy expires in 2047. This panel explores both the risks of introducing security legislation in Hong Kong as well the strength and limits of the region‘s sources of resilience.