Hong Kong and Macau are the only two “special administrative regions“ in China- regions that are given a high degree of autonomy and allowed to not practice China‘s Socialist systems. This panel evaluates the nearly 21 years (for Hong Kong) and 18 years (for Macau) of implementing this “One Country, Two Systems“ governing mode and evaluates its prospects. Tai‘s paper examines the nature of Hong Kong‘s constitutional and political systems, while Chan, Lo and Cardinal‘s papers evaluate what have been considered strengths of Hong Kong and Macau that would enable these regions to maintain its distinctiveness vis-à-vis China. The discussion will cover various constitutional controversies, including the enactment of national security legislation, democratic reform, and the recent controversies on co-location, oath-taking and disqualification of election candidates.