The concept of constitutional identity can be considered from the duelling perspectives of socio-cultural theory or positivism. It can be also considered as a descriptive tool or as for normative purposes. The malleability of the concept has resulted in a diverse range of uses: to protect the constitution against supranational norms, or as a firewall against unconstitutional amendments. This panel aims to untangle the ambiguity of ‘constitutional identity‘ by drawing on the incremental model developed by Charles E. Lindblom in the 1950’s. In short, the model is grounded on the impossibility, for most issues, of rational political decision-making. Decisions are made through a process of mutual adjustment and significant political change occurs through a gradual accumulation of small mutations. Each speaker will address the question of authors, content and function of constitutional identity through a variety of case studies.