In plural societies identity politics and cultural practices of ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities are under pressure. At the constitutional level, religious identity politics—with the headscarf as the most prominent example—as well religious dispute resolution practices in ethno-religious communities—are increasingly seen as disregarding or threatening the constitutional and human rights order. The latter is particularly true for Muslims in Europe, who are accused of undermining basic legal principles such as the rule of law, the monopoly of the state force, secularism, and gender equality. Also, affirmative action policies for women and minorities are still heavily contested. By showcasing their empirical and interdisciplinary research, the panelists will elaborate on the discourse on the “challenges for public law“ emerging from individual and collective identity politics and cultural practices with regard to alternative dispute resolution intended in a broader sense here.