Due Process Under Extreme Conditions: Burdens, Deference and the Judicial Function

In exercising judicial review in times of crises courts face a well-known dilemma: to defer or not to defer? Deference is prudent: The executive/legislature are better equipped to deal with emergencies swiftly and efficiently, as they possess the expertise, the wherewithal, and bear the responsibility for error. Exercising strict review may derail the governmental efforts...

Panel 159, WEDNESDAY JUNE 27 2018 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM

Each Conscience A Law Unto Itself? Religious Accommodation in the U.S. and Germany

This paper compares the US Supreme Court‘s and the German Constitutional Court‘s approaches to religious accommodation. The US Court does not usually require the state to accommodate people through religious exemptions. I argue that Scalia‘s critical view of accommodations followed from the political philosophy of Locke that was especially influential at the time of the...

Panel 150, WEDNESDAY JUNE 27 2018 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM

European constitutional courts towards data retention laws

One of the most commonly applied measures to combat terrorism is a mechanism of telecommunications data retention. Serious doubts regarding its intrusive nature were raised. State authorities being in possession of traffic and location metadata may monitor social behavior of individuals, detect sources (journalism) or political opponents. Our paper explores constitutional limits for legislative interference...

Panel 153, WEDNESDAY JUNE 27 2018 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM

Feminism and Family Leave

This Essay explores the dynamics between parental leave policies and the enforcement of legal equality in the United States and other jurisdictions. In so doing, it clarifies and redefines a feminist jurisprudence of family leave. A feminist approach to family leave should advance a substantive vision of gender equality, ‘a more egalitarian relationship at home...

Panel 173, WEDNESDAY JUNE 27 2018 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM

Foundations of Majority Rule and its Application to Constitutional Courts

One of the most salient features of many constitutional democracies is the existence of constitutional courts that can control the constitutionality of statutory legislation. In order to decide whether to invalidate statutory provisions as unconstitutional, most constitutional courts use majority rule. In this paper, I argue that the main justifications provided for majority rule as...

Panel 164, WEDNESDAY JUNE 27 2018 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM

From Gender Recognition to Transgender Discrimination – Addressing Essentialism and Assimilationism in the Law

How should official documents record the sex/gender of transgender people? Should transgender women be able to access female bathrooms? In the United Kingdom and the European Court of Human Rights, the law has often dealt with such issues through the lens of “gender recognition“, that is, on what criteria should the law recognise the gender...

Panel 158, WEDNESDAY JUNE 27 2018 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM